Eighth Army Corps (Spanish–American War)
| Eighth Army Corps | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1898–1900 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Type | Corps |
| Size | 10,844 |
| Engagements | Spanish–American War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | Wesley Merritt Elwell Stephen Otis Arthur MacArthur |
The Eighth Army Corps was formed on June 21, 1898, shortly after the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, in order to provide a ground contingent to exploit Commodore George Dewey's success in defeating the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.
San Francisco was the natural point of departure, but troops stationed there had been deployed to Cuba at the outbreak of the war. Colonel Thomas M. Anderson, who commanded the last remaining regiment on the coast, was ordered to San Francisco, made brigadier general of volunteers, and put in charge of the preliminary arrangements pending the selection of the officer to command the expedition that was to become Eighth Corps.[1] Major General Wesley Merrit was later selected to command Eighth Corps, which had only one division, curiously numbered as the Second Division, with General Andersom selected to command it.
Eighth Corps defeated the Spanish forces under the command of Governor-General of the Philippines Fermín Jáudenes in the Battle of Manila on August 14, 1898. At the end of March 1900, the complexities involved in dealing with guerrilla warfare and governing the islands led to the transformation of what had been the Department of the Pacific into the Division of the Philippines with four geographical departments, each of which was in turn divided into military districts. This step brought an end to the Eighth Corps.[2] Units of the former Eighth Corps also fought to an eventual victory in the Philippine–American War in July 1902.
Command structure[edit]
Following is the Order of battle for the Eighth Army Corps:[3]
Commanding General, Eighth Army Corps: Major General Wesley Merritt
- 2nd Division - Brigadier General Thomas M. Anderson
- 1st Brigade - Brigadier General Arthur MacArthur
- 23rd Infantry Regiment - Lieutenant Colonel John W. French
- 14th Infantry Regiment -
- 13th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
- 1st North Dakota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
- 1st Idaho Volunteer Infantry Regiment
- 1st Wyoming Volunteer Infantry Regiment
- Astor Battery - Captain Peyton C. March
- 2nd Brigade - Brigadier General Francis Vinton Greene
- 18th U.S. Infantry Regiment
- 1st Battalion - Lieutenant Colonel Clarence M. Bailey
- 2nd Battalion - Major Charles Kellar
- 3rd U.S. Artillery Regiment
- 1st Battalion - Captain James O'Hara
- 2nd Battalion - Captain William E. Birkhimer
- U.S. Engineer Battalion, Company A - 2nd Lieutenant William Durward Connor
- 1st California Infantry Regiment - Colonel James S. Smith
- 1st Colorado Infantry Regiment - Colonel Irving Hale
- 1st Nebraska Volunteer Infantry Regiment - Colonel John P. Bratt
- 2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment
- 10th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment - Colonel Alexander L. Hawkins
- Utah Volunteer Artillery Regiment
- Light Battery A - Captain Richard Whitehead Young
- Light Battery B - Captain Frank A. Grant
- California Volunteer Heavy Artillery Detachment
- 18th U.S. Infantry Regiment
- 1st Brigade - Brigadier General Arthur MacArthur
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Faust 1899, p. 55
- ^ "The Army Medical Department 1865–1917: Campaigns of the New Empire". Archived from the original on 2007-06-13. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ Giessel, Jess; McSherry, Patrick (2012). "Order of Battle VIII Army Corps PHILIPPINES". U.S. Order of Battle, 1898. The Spanish American War Centennial Website. Retrieved 2014-06-14.
- Faust, K.I. (1899). Campaigning in the Philippines: Illustrated. Hicks-Judd Company.