English: A normal-mode
helical antenna for
UHF television broadcasting, from an advertisement in a 1954 magazine. It consists of a helix of wire around a supporting mast, supported on standoff insulators. This type of antenna was widely used in the first television stations broadcasting in the
UHF band, from 470 to 890 MHz, in the 1950s, and is still used. The antenna is divided into vertical "bays"; five are visible in the photo. Since the feed voltage is progressively delayed in phase as it progresses up the helical wire, without correction the radio waves radiated by each portion of the antenna would be
out of phase with other portions, reducing the gain. So the antenna must have "
phase shifters" at intervals up the pole (located at the joints between the bays) which correct the signal to each bay so it is in phase with the other bays. These consist of metal contact rings encircling the pole; to change the phase of a bay the helical radiator is rotated.
Wire stubs can be seen sticking out from the antenna at top. These are quarter-wave directional stubs which are used to modify the
omnidirectional radiation pattern of the basic antenna to give it more gain in directions where more audience coverage is needed. The vertical line of posts seen sticking out of the center of the mast are foot brackets for climbing the pole. Each bay has a gain of approximately 5 (7 dB). Information from
NAB Engineering Handbook, 6th Ed., National Association of Broadcasters, 1975, p. 354, 370