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The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf; the gray wolf is the dog's closest living relative. The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans. Experts estimate that hunter-gatherers domesticated dogs more than 15,000 years ago, which was before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.

The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human–canine bond has been a topic of frequent study. This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of "man's best friend". (Full article...)

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Possible depiction of the Tahitian dog from the first voyage of James Cook, c. 1769–71.

The Tahitian Dog (Tahitian: ʻŪrī Mā’ohi, literally translated as 'native dog') is an extinct breed of dog from Tahiti and the Society Islands. Similar to other strains of Polynesian dogs, it was introduced to the Society Islands and Tahiti by the ancestors of the Tahitian (Mā’ohi) people during their migrations to Polynesia.

They were an essential part of traditional Tahitian society; their meat was included in Tahitian cuisine and other parts of the dog were used to make tools and ornamental clothing. Dogs were fed a vegetarian diet and served during feasts as a delicacy. European explorers were the first outsiders to observe and record their existence, and they were served to early explorers including Captain James Cook. The Tahitian Dog disappeared as a distinct breed after the introduction of foreign European dogs. (Full article...)

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Credit: Sally Eller

A Standard Poodle in "working clip" retrieving a mallard. Retrievers were bred primarily to retrieve birds or other prey and return them to the hunter without damage. Although spaniels and some pointing breeds routinely retrieve game, and many retrievers are skilled in finding game, retrievers are distinguished in that non-slip retrieval is their primary function. As a result, retriever breeds are bred for soft mouths and a great willingness to please, learn, and obey. Poodles, though developed as hunting dogs, are most commonly used as companions.

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A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not confined to a yard or house. Free-ranging dogs include street dogs, village dogs, stray dogs, feral dogs, etc., and may be owned or unowned. The global dog population is estimated to be 900 million, of which around 20% are regarded as owned pets and therefore restrained. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various dog-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Watercolor tracing made by archaeologist Henri Breuil from a cave painting of a wolf-like canid, Font-de-Gaume, France, dated 19,000 years ago (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 2Schematic anatomy of the ear. In dogs, the ear canal has a "L" shape, with the vertical canal (first half) and the horizontal canal (deeper half, ending with the eardrum) (from Dog anatomy)
Image 3Scent-rolling (from Dog behavior)
Image 4A little mongrel puppy on the shore, on Halong Bay (from Puppy)
Image 5Basset Hound (from Puppy)
Image 6Jack Russell Terrier puppy (from Puppy)
Image 7The dog's retina shows the optic disc and the eye's vasculature. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 8Frontal view of a dog skull (from Dog anatomy)
Image 9Bloodhound puppy (from Puppy)
Image 10A cavapoo and maltipoo running back while playing fetch (from Dog behavior)
Image 11Dog knee (from Dog anatomy)
Image 12Cart dogs, c. 1900; different in appearance but doing the same work (from Dog type)
Image 13A dog's teeth (from Dog anatomy)
Image 14Skeleton of a dog:
1. Cranium
2. Maxilla
3. Mandible
4. Atlas
5. Axis
6. Scapula
7. Spine of scapula
8. Humerus
9. Radius
10. Ulna
11. Phalanges
12. Metacarpal bones
13. Carpal bones
14. Sternum
15. Cartilaginous part of the rib
16. Ribs
17. Phalanges
18. Metatarsal bones
19. Tarsal Bones
20. Calcaneus
21. Fibula
22. Tibia
23. Patella
24. Femur
25. Ischium
26. Pelvis
(from Dog anatomy)
Image 15West Highland White Terrier puppies (from Puppy)
Image 16Lateral view of a dog skeleton (from Dog anatomy)
Image 17Montage showing the coat variation of dogs. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 18Tesem, an ancient Egyptian sight-hound (from Dog breed)
Image 19Cave wolf skull, Natural History Museum, Berlin (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 20Two Shih Tzu puppies (from Puppy)
Image 21A drawing by Konrad Lorenz showing facial expressions of a dog - a communication behavior. X-axis is aggression, y-axis is fear. (from Dog behavior)
Image 22Chihuahua mix and purebred Great Dane (from Dog breed)
Image 23An extinct Turnspit dog, 1800 (from Dog type)
Image 24The Greenland dog carries 3.5% genetic material inherited from a 35,000-year-old wolf from the Taymyr Peninsula, Arctic Siberia. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 25A dog's whiskers (from Dog anatomy)
Image 26Lateral view of a dog skull, jaw closed (from Dog anatomy)
Image 27Newborn Basenji puppies (from Puppy)
Image 28Bison surrounded by grey wolf pack (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 29German Spitz puppy (from Puppy)
Image 30Chihuahua puppy (from Puppy)
Image 31Mandible of the oldest recognised dog discovered in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany, and dated 14,200 years old (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 32An 1897 illustration showing a range of European dog breeds (from Dog breed)
Image 33The dog diverged from a now-extinct population of wolves 27,000–40,000 years ago immediately before the Last Glacial Maximum, when much of the mammoth steppe was cold and dry. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 34External anatomy (topography) of a typical dog: 1. Head 2. Muzzle 3. Dewlap (throat, neck skin) 4. Shoulder 5. Elbow 6. Forefeet 7. Croup (rump) 8. Leg (thigh and hip) 9. Hock 10. Hind feet 11. Withers 12. Stifle 13. Paws 14. Tail (from Dog anatomy)
Image 35NASA astronaut Leland D. Melvin with his dogs Jake and Scout (from Dog behavior)
Image 36Basenji puppy (from Puppy)
Image 37Montage showing the morphological variation of the dog. (from Dog breed)
Image 38Petroglyph depicting two dogs hunting – Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 39Golden Retriever puppy (from Puppy)
Image 40Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 41Cavapoo puppy (from Puppy)
Image 42A wolf mandible diagram showing the names and positions of the teeth (from Dog anatomy)
Image 43Puggle puppy (from Puppy)
Image 44The difference in body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire Terrier is over 30-fold; both are members of the same species. (from Dog anatomy)
Image 45Lateral view of a dog skull, jaw opened (from Dog anatomy)
Image 46Newborn Welsh Springer Spaniels (from Puppy)
Image 47The difference in overall body size between a Cane Corso (Italian mastiff) and a Yorkshire terrier is over 30-fold, yet both are members of the same species. (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 48Diagram of a wolf skull with key features labelled (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 49"Five different types of dogs", c. 1547. (from Dog breed)
Image 50Australian Cattle Dog puppy (from Puppy)
Image 51St. Bernard puppy (from Puppy)
Image 52Example of a dog making prolonged eye contact with a human (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 53A mongrel puppy (from Puppy)
Image 54Sled dogs, 1833 (from Dog type)
Image 55Reduction in size under selective breeding – grey wolf and chihuahua skulls (from Domestication of the dog)
Image 56A labradoodle puppy and a Golden Retriever puppy playing together. (from Puppy)
Image 57President Lyndon B. Johnson with a basket of puppies in 1966 (from Puppy)
Image 58Sled dog types, sketched in 1833 (from Dog breed)
Image 59The nose of a dog (from Dog anatomy)
Image 60Mammoth bone dwelling, Mezhirich site, Ukraine (from Domestication of the dog)

Did you know (auto-generated) - show different entries

... that Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, a textbook dedicated to canines, was found by a specialist feline publication to be bereft of information about cats?
... that 9,000 Greek Jews were targeted by the 1942 Eleftherias Square roundup, and those who collapsed were attacked by dogs?
... that Bothie was the only dog to "set paw" on both the North and South poles?
... that Karen B. Westerfield Tucker, who both edited and contributed to The Oxford History of Christian Worship, also served as a dog show judge?
... that Eagle-Dogtooth Provincial Park in Ontario, Canada, contains part of the Experimental Lakes Area, a controlled area for conducting scientific experiments in lakes?
... that the private members' club George has a bespoke menu for pet dogs?

More did you know... - show different entries

...that Laurence Mancuso was the founding abbot of the Eastern Orthodox monastic community of New Skete (pictured), which is known for its dog training?
...that "On the Internet, nobody knows you're a dog" is the most reproduced cartoon from The New Yorker magazine, and its title a phrase still used around the world?
...that the famous quote "No man who hates dogs and children can be all bad" generally attributed to Leo Rosten was actually first used in 1930 by future war correspondent Byron Darnton?
...that the expressions 'top dog' and 'underdog' may originate with the two sawyers in a saw pit?

...that past Olympic mascots include several bears named Misha, Coal, Howdy and Hidy, and dogs Cobi and Waldi ?
...that the dog called the Miniature Fox Terrier (or Mini Foxie) originated in Australia?
...that the Brown Dog affair, an Edwardian-era vivisection cause célèbre, led to massive riots?
...that in addition to human spaceflight, there have been many animals in space, including monkeys, apes, mice, dogs, guinea pigs, frogs, rats, cats, tortoises, fish, newts, insects, snails, spiders and nematodes?

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Stubs : Aksaray Malaklisi, Alopekis, Argentine pila dog, Armant (dog), Banjara Hound, Barbado da Terceira, Braque Dupuy, Bruno Jura Hound, Bulgarian Scenthound, Cane Lupino del Gigante, Cane Paratore, Cantabrian Water Dog, Český fousek, Faroese Sheepdog, Georgian Shepherd, German Spitz Mittel, Gończy Polski, Grand Griffon Vendéen, Himalayan Sheepdog, Hygen Hound, Indian Spitz, Japanese Terrier, Kaikadi (dog), Koyun dog, Kumaon Mastiff, Levriero Italiano, Mahratta Hound, Majorca Ratter, Montenegrin Mountain Hound, Northern Inuit Dog, Phu Quoc Ridgeback, Plummer Terrier, Porcelaine, Pyrenean Mastiff, Rampur Greyhound, Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog, Sapsali, Sarabi dog, Sardinian Shepherd Dog, Schweizer Laufhund, Segugio Italiano, Segugio Maremmano, Segugio dell'Appennino, Sinhala Hound, Slovak Cuvac, South Russian Ovcharka, St. Hubert Jura Hound, Stichelhaar, Taigan, Tazy, Telomian, Treeing Cur, Vikhan Sheepdog, Villano de las Encartaciones, Villanuco de Las Encartaciones, White Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd Dog, Xiasi Dog More stubs...
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