Draft:Kiran Sankar Roy
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Kiran Sankar Roy কিরণ শংকর রায় | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 25 October 1891 |
| Died | 20th February 1949 |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford Lincolns Inn (did not complete) |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, freedom fighter, Academic |
| Known for | United Bengal Proposal |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Parent | Harishankar Roy (father) |
| Relatives | Kumar Sankar Ray (cousin) |
Kiran Sankar Roy (25 October 1891 – 20 February 1949) was an Indian Bengali politician, academic, and independence activist. He is most well known for his role in the failed United Bengal scheme of 1947 and his association with the Bose Brothers.
Early Life[edit]
Kiran Shankar Roy was born on 25 October 1891 to a Zamindar family of Teota village in the Dhaka district of Bengal.[1][2] Kiran Shankar did his early education at the village school, Teota Academy. Later, he studied at Hindu School and St. Xavier's College, Kolkata and later Bangabasi College where he studied intermediate arts.[2] During his time in college, Roy was influenced by the radical nationalist movement. To keep him away from participating in the movement, his family sent him to England to pursue his higher education.[2] He went to England in 1909 for higher education and studied History at New College, Oxford where he was a prominent member of the Oxford Indian Majlis and was appointed as its President for a term.[2] He returned home in 1914 and taught history at Presidency College and Sanskrit College.[1] However, due to his protesting of the Rowlatt Act, he resigned from the Bengal Education Service and went to England again in 1919 to study law at Lincolns Inn, but did not complete his course.[1] He returned to India and joined the Indian National Congress in 1921. He became the Vice-Principal of the National College (Calcutta Vidyapith) and Professor of English Literature. Subhas Chandra Bose was the principal at that time. Later, he became the Vice-Chancellor of the National University.[1]
Political career[edit]
In 1921, Roy became actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement and participated in the non-cooperation movement under the leadership of CR Das (a political activist and founder of the Swaraj party). During this period, he was detained by the British authorities for writing a seditious article.[2] But in 1922, when the non-cooperation movement was withdrawn and the Alternative Swarajya Party was formed under the leadership of Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan Das, he was one of the five main members of the party. In 1923 he became the party's secretary. In 1929, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Civil Disobedience Movement. He re-joined the Indian National Congress in 1933 and was elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly as a member of the Congress. During the 1920s he was elected to the Bengal Council, for two consecutive terms and was also elected to the Bengal Legislative Assembly in 1937.[2] He worked as a colleague of Subhas Chandra Bose and later became the secretary of the Ad Hoc Congress Committee. After the 1946 Indian provincial elections, Bose led Congress negotiations with Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy to form a Muslim-League coalition government (which was Suhrawardy's initiative), but negotiations broke down due to disputes over issues such as the release of political prisoners and distribution of ministerial offices between Congress and the Muslim League.[3] Roy also was elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1946 on a Congress party ticket, though he did not actively engage in the Constituent Assembly debates.[2]
Like Sarat Chandra Bose, Roy was vehemently opposed to the partition of Bengal and was naturally a supporter of the Provincial Coalition Party and Foward Bloc Congress led by Sarat Chandra Bose. Kiran Shankar supported Sarat Bose's United Bengal scheme, which was in turn supported by Suhrawardy and Abul Hashim.[4][5] However, the United Bengal scheme failed given it had no mass support among Hindus and Muslims in Bengal, despite Bose and Suhrawardy's initial insistence that most people in Bengal (including Hindus) were against Partition.[4][6] The Bengal Provincial Congress and Indian National Congress high command led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel vehemently opposed the lone efforts of Bose and Roy in agitating against the Partition of Bengal in 1947.[7] Whilst Muhammad Ali Jinnah initally provided tacit support to the United Bengal scheme, the All-India Muslim League high command would also oppose the scheme with the Nazimuddin faction, in contrast to the Suhrawardy faction, of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League supporting Partition and inclusion in a unitary Pakistan.[5]
After independence, Roy also became the leader of the Congress party in the East Pakistan Assembly. But after his brief sojourn in Pakistan, he returned to India in 1948 and took over as Home Minister in the cabinet of the Government of West Bengal led by Bidhan Chandra Roy. He died on 20 February 1949.[1][2]
Kiran Shankar Ray had an interest in literature. He was a prominent member of Sabujpatra Patrika edited by Pramoth Chowdhury and Monde Club by Sukumar Roy. His articles and short stories were regularly published in the 'Sabujpatra', 'Prabasi' and 'Atmashakti'. They were highly appreciated in the reading community. The stories published in 'Sabujpatra' were later published in book form as Saptaparno.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e "Roy, Kiron Sankar - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Kiran Sankar Roy". Constitution of India. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
- ^ Ikramullah, Begum Shaista (1991). Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy: A Biography. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. 133–137.
- ^ a b Chatterji, Joya (1994). Bengal Divided: Hindu communalism and partition, 1932-1947. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 259–265. ISBN 0-521-52328-1.
- ^ a b "United Independent Bengal Movement - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
- ^ Hussain, Syed Sajjad (1995). The Wastes of Time: Reflections on the Decline and Fall of East Pakistan (1st ed.). Dhaka: Muslim Renaissance Movement and Notun Safar Prokashani. p. 110.
- ^ Sen, Shila (1976). Muslim Politics in Bengal, 1937-1947. Delhi. pp. 237–245.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Further Reading[edit]
- Joya Chatterji (2002). Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932-1947. Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-52328-8
- Rashid, Harun-or-., "The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal Muslim League and Muslim Politics, 1906–1947", Dhaka 2003.
- Sen, Shila, Muslim Politics in Bengal 1937-1947 (Delhi, 1976).
- Gordon, Leonard A., ‘Divided Bengal: Problems of Nationalism and Identity in the 1947 Partition’, Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 16 (1978), 136–168.