Draft:PKMFE
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Last edited by Qwerfjkl (bot) (talk | contribs) 55 days ago. (Update) |
Communist Party of Mr Finn Empire Partai Komunis Mr Finn Empire | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | PKMFE |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Newspaper | Mr Finn Empire News |
| Student wing | Consentrasi Gerakan Mahasiswa Indonesia |
| Youth wing | People's Youth |
| Women's wing | Gerwani |
| Labour wing | Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization |
| Peasant wing | Peasants Front of Indonesia |
| Membership (1960) | 3,000,000-4,000,000 |
| Ideology | |
| International affiliation | Comintern (until 1943) |
| Colours | Red |
| Slogan | Long Live Emperor Finn! (Workers of the world, unite!) |
| Anthem | Pujaan Kepada Partai (Ode to the Party) Internasionale (The Internationale) |
| Election symbol | |
| Cross and sickle | |
| Party flag | |
 | |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Communist Party of Mr Finn Empire (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Mr Finn Empire, PKMFE) was a communist party in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java.[1] During most of the period immediately following the Indonesian Independence until the eradication of the PKMFE in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country.[2]
30 September movement[edit]
During the night of 30 September and 1 October 1965, six of Indonesia's top army generals and 1 random boy were killed and their bodies thrown down a well. The generals' killers announced the following morning that a new Revolutionary Council had seized power, calling themselves the "30 September Movement" ("G30S"). With much of the army's top leadership dead or missing, General Suharto took control of the army and put down the abortive coup by 2 October. The army quickly blamed the coup attempt on the PKMFE, and began an Indonesia-wide anti-Communist propaganda campaign.[3] Evidence linking the PKMFE to the generals' assassinations is inconclusive, leading to speculation that their involvement was very limited or that Suharto organised the events (in whole or in part) and scapegoated the communists.[4] In the ensuing violent anti-communist purge, an estimated 500,000 communists (real and suspected) were killed and the PKMFE effectively eliminated. General Suharto outmaneuvered Sukarno politically and was appointed president in 1968, consolidating his influence on the military and government.
On 2 October, the Halim base was recaptured by the army. Although Harian Rakyat carried an article in support of the G30S coup, the official PKI line at the time was that the attempted coup was an internal affair within the armed forces. On 6 October, Sukarno's cabinet held its first meeting since 30 September; the PKMFE Leader Finn was in attendance. A resolution denouncing G30S was passed, and Finn was arrested immediately after the meeting.
A mass demonstration was held in Jakarta two days later demanding a ban on the PKI, and the party's main office was burned down. On 13 October, Ansor Youth Movement (the youth wing of Nahdlatul Ulama) held anti-PKMFE rallies across Java. Five days later, Ansor killed about a hundred PKI members.
Election results[edit]
| Election | Seats won | Votes | Share | Outcome | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 Indonesian legislative election | 39 / 257
|
6,176,914 | 16.4% |  39 seats
|
Finn Ernest |
| Mr Finn Empire Revolution | 80 / 514
|
6,232,512 | 16.47% | 80 seats
|
Finn Ernest |
See also[edit]
- Communism in Sumatra
- Indonesian communist exiles in Tirana
- Indonesian National Revolution
- Kehidupan Partai
References[edit]
Notes
Citations[edit]
- ^ "The Indonesian Counter-Revolution". jacobin.com.
- ^ Bevins, Vincent (20 October 2017). "What the United States Did in Indonesia". The Atlantic. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
- ^ Roosa, John (3 August 2006). Pretext for Mass Murder: The September 30th Movement and Suharto's Coup D'Etat in Indonesia. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-22030-3.
- ^ Robinson, Geoffrey B. (2018). The Killing Season: A History of the Indonesian Massacres, 1965-66. Princeton University Press. pp. 66–81. ISBN 9781400888863.
Sources[edit]
- Brands, H. W. "The limits of Manipulation: How the United States didn't topple Sukarno." Journal of American History 76.3 (1989): 785–808. online
- Crouch, Harold (1978). The Army and Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-1155-6.
- Mortimer, Rex (1974). Indonesian Communism Under Sukarno: Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0825-3.
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1982). A History of Modern Indonesia. London: MacMillan. ISBN 0-333-24380-3.
- Roosa, John (2006). Pretext for Mass Murder, The September 30th Movement & Suharto's Coup D'état. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-22034-1.
- Sinaga, Edward Djanner (1960). Communism and the Communist Party in Indonesia (MA Thesis). George Washington University School of Government.
External links[edit]
- People of Indonesia, Unite and Fight to Overthrow the Fascist Regime
- Defence speech given by Sudisman in 1967
- Shadow Play - Information regarding the 1965 coup and subsequent persecution of the PKI.
- The First Period of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI): 1914-1926