Timeline of Isfahan
| Isfahan city |
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Isfahan, Iran.
Prior to 16th century[edit]
| History of Iran |
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Timeline Iran portal |
- c. 538 BC - Jews settle in Isfahan
- 771 - Friday Mosque established in Yahudiyya (approximate date).[1]
- 1051 - Isfahan besieged by Seljuk forces of Tughril;[2] city becomes capital of the Seljuk Empire.[3]
- 1070 - Nezamiyeh Madrasa built (approximate date).[1]
- 1107 - Chihil Dukhtaran (minaret) erected.[1]
- 1194 - Khwarazmian Ala ad-Din Tekish in power.[4]
- 1226 - City sacked by Mongol forces.[2]
- 1228 - City besieged by Mongol forces again.[2][5]
- 1240/1241 - Isfahan taken by Mongol forces.[5][4]
- 1325 - Emamzadeh Jafar (tomb/shrine) built.[1]
- 1341/1342 - Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Inju becomes governor of Isfahan.[2]
- 1356 - Amir Mobārez-al-Din Mo-ḥammad Moẓaffari becomes governor of Isfahan.[2]
- 1387 - Isfahan besieged by forces of Timur.[2][6]
16th-19th centuries[edit]
- 1503 - Safavid Ismail I in power.[7]
- 1598 - Isfahan becomes capital of the Safavid Empire; Abbas I of Persia in power.[8]
- 1602
- Si-o-seh pol (bridge) built to newly developed New Julfa.[9]
- Maydān-i shāh (square) laid out.[1]
- 1619 - Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque built.[1]
- 1627 - Armenian Bedkhem Church built in New Julfa.[1]
- 1630 - Shah Mosque built (approximate date).[1]
- 1647 - Chehel Sotoun palace construction begins.[1]
- 1650 - Khaju Bridge built.[1]
- 1660 - Ālī Qāpū (palace) built (approximate date).[1]
- 1670 - Hasht Behesht palace built.[10]
- 1722 - Siege of Isfahan by Afghan forces.[8]
- 1736 - Persian capital relocated from Isfahan to Mashhad.[4]
- 1804/1805 - Famine.[4]
- 1836/1837 - Unrest.[4]
- 1848/1849 - Unrest.[4]
- 1869 - Isfahan economy affected by opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt.[11]
- 1872 - Famine.[4]
- 1874 - Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan becomes governor of Isfahan.[4]
- 1882 - Population: 73,634.[4]
20th century[edit]
- 1919 - Zaban-e Zanan women's magazine begins publication.[12]
- 1920 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate).[13]
- 1921 - Waṭan textile factory in business.[14]
- 1941 - Population: 204,598.[15]
- 1946 - University of Isfahan established.
- 1953 - Sepahan F.C. (football club) formed.
- 1959 - Hamadāniān cement factory in business.[14]
- 1966 - Population: 424,045.[15]
- 1970s - Polyacryl Iran Corporation established.[14](en)
- 1973 - First development organic program[16][17]
- 1971 - Āryāmehr steel mill begins operating near city.[14]
- 1973 - Naqsh-e jahan derby (football contest) begins.
- 1976 - Population: 661,510.[15]
- 1977 - Ālī Qāpū, Chehel Sotoun, and Hasht Behesht palaces restored.[1]
- 1977 - Isfahan University of Technology established.
- 1979 - Naqsh-e Jahan Square designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 1983 - محمدحسن ملکمدنی becomes mayor.(fa)
- 1984 - Isfahan International Airport opens.[18]
- 1986 - Population: 986,753.[15]
- 1996 - Population: 1,266,072.[19]
- 1999 - February: Local election held.[18]
21st century[edit]
- 2003
- Naghsh-e Jahan Stadium opens.
- مرتضی سقاییاننژاد becomes mayor.(fa)
- 2011 - Population: 1,756,126.[20]
- 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
- 2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 2.
- 2015
- Isfahan Metro begins operating.
- Mehdi Jamalinejad becomes mayor of Isfahan.
- 2023
- Three hundred classes and Thirty one schools need dire reconstruction due to land subsidence.[21]
- Isfahan girls team become national judo championship Sport Talents 2022 champion. Basketball team win championship[22][23]
- Ministry of Communications report eight percent of the population are supported by fiber optic coverage.[24]
- 2023 Iran drone attacks[25]
- Eighth national cybernetic security conference held.[26]
- Muscat trade/business week event[27]
- Population ageing document created.[28]
- 99.54% of the population have natural gas network access.[29]
- 48 billion toman dedicated for cyber security.[30]
- In north and south 200 hectares of land are protected from Grasshoppers that are endemic.[31]
- Minister of road and urban development said they want a fourth satellite city program , three settlements at Esfahan , this new city is located 25 km north east near Komeshcheh .[32]
- In June First female addiction homeless rehab center was opened.[33]
- Minister of Sport and Youth opened first couple expert matchmaking for marriage.[34][35]
- Unemployed 180,000, jobs opennings 12000[36]
- Donyaye Eqtesad reported housing crisis[37]
- New youth center district 2[38]
- Blackout reported after sabotage [39]
- Shah Mosque tower and tower and dome tilted 14 billion toman allocated to renovate the buildings[40]
- Shiraz freeway opened[41]
- 5994 remaining Alley ways in city renamed to names of killed of Iraq Iran war by the municipality and government.[42]
- 10 women of Bahai faith were being persecuted by Iranian Islamic state government[43]
- Isfahan province police district divided to 212 blocks [44]
See also[edit]
- Isfahan history (fr)
- Other names of Isfahan
- List of mayors of Isfahan (fa)
- List of historical structures in Isfahan Province
- Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Kerman, Mashhad, Qom, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Isfahan". Oxford Art Online.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help) Retrieved 8 February 2017 - ^ a b c d e f Kamaly 2012.
- ^ John L. Esposito (2003). Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bosworth 2007.
- ^ a b Woods 1977.
- ^ "Iran". Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 45–64. ISBN 978-1-135-35673-6. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- ^ Haneda 2012.
- ^ a b Macmillan 2004.
- ^ BBC News. "Iran Profile: Timeline". Archived from the original on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ Britannica 1910.
- ^ Hooshang Amirahmadi (2012). Political Economy of Iran under the Qajars: Society, Politics, Economics and Foreign Relations 1796-1936. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-258-4. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ Ghada Talhami (2013). Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6858-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017 – via HathiTrust.
Ispahan
- ^ a b c d Borjian 2012.
- ^ a b c d Zanjani 2006.
- ^ http://prof.khuisf.ac.ir/images/Uploaded_files/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C[3934314].PDF
- ^ https://www.imna.ir/news/679956/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C
- ^ a b "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- ^ "۳۱ مدرسه در اصفهان بدلیل فرونشست نیازمند تخلیه و بازسازی است". www.irna.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Wayback Machine has not archived that URL". Retrieved 4 June 2023.[dead link]
- ^ "Wayback Machine has not archived that URL". Retrieved 4 June 2023.[dead link]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "اختصاص ۴۸ میلیارد تومان اعتبار برای ارتقای امنیت It شهرداری اصفهان » اصفهان امروز آنلاین". Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "کُلنگ احداث بیمارستان شهر جدید بهارستان به زمین زده شد - ایرنا". www.irna.ir. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy". www.irna.ir. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "افتتاح اولین مرکز تخصصی انتخاب همسر در اصفهان » اصفهان امروز آنلاین". اصفهان امروز آنلاین (in Persian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ AGENCY, خبرگزاری صدا و سیما | IRIB NEWS (28 June 2023). ""هم ره" چه ویژگی هایی دارد؟". fa (in Persian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ https://www.imna.ir/news/679525/%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B0-%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF
- ^ "مهاجرت به اصفهان غیرممکن میشود؟". روزنامه دنیای اقتصاد (in Persian). 29 August 2023. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ https://www.imna.ir/news/685156/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA-%DB%B4%DB%B3-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9-%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%DB%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86
- ^ https://kayhan.london/1402/07/07/331896/
- ^ https://www.iranintl.com/202309191779
- ^ https://www.irna.ir/news/85301488/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF
- ^ https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5932287/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C
- ^ https://www.radiofarda.com/amp/the-case-of-baha-i-women-arrested-in-isfahan/32697902.html
- ^ https://www.irna.ir/amp/85429630/
This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography[edit]
in English[edit]
Published prior to 19th century
- Charles Wilson, ed. (1895), "Isfahan", Handbook for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, etc., London: John Murray, ISBN 9780524062142, OCLC 8979039, archived from the original on 29 June 2023, retrieved 7 February 2017
Published in the 20th century
- "Ispahan", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 6, New York, 1904, hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282268, archived from the original on 29 June 2023, retrieved 9 February 2017
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Guy Le Strange (1905). "Jibal: (Isfahan)". Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge University Press.
- Houtum-Schindler, Albert; Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 867–870.
- Huart (1927). "Iṣfahān". In M.T. Houtsma; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill.
- C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Isfahan". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
- Wilfred Blunt (1966). Isfahan: Pearl of Persia. OCLC 711992.
- Renata Holod, ed. (1974), Studies on Isfahan, Iranian Studies, OCLC 4762427
- John E. Woods (1977). "Note on the Mongol Capture of Iṣfahān". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 36 (1): 49–51. doi:10.1086/372531. JSTOR 544126. S2CID 161867404.
- W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". An Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 169–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
- Eckart Ehlers. "Capitals and spatial organization in Iran: Esfahân, Shirâz, Tehran," in Chahryar Adle and Bernard Hourcade, eds., Téhéran: Capitale bicentenaire, (Paris and Teheran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran, 1992), pp. 155–172.
- Andrew Petersen (1996). "Isfahan". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Esfahan", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, ISBN 9781884964039, archived from the original on 29 June 2023, retrieved 6 February 2017
- Stephen P. Blake. Half the World: A Social Architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590-1722 (Costa Mesa, Cal.: Mazda, 1999)
- Heidi Walcher (2000). "Face of the Seven Spheres: Urban Morphology and Architecture in Nineteenth-century Isfahan". Iranian Studies. 33 (3/4): 327–347. doi:10.1080/00210860008701985. JSTOR 4311377. S2CID 144016605. + part 2 Archived 2017-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, 2001
Published in the 21st century
- Philip Mattar, ed. (2004), "Isfahan", Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa, NY: Macmillan Reference USA – via Global Issues In Context
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Isfahan". Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- Jürgen Paul [in German] (2006). "Isfahan: Local Historiography". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- Sussan Babaie (2007). "Isfahan: Monuments: Bibliography". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Isfahan". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 167–179. ISBN 978-9004153882. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- Sussan Babaie. Isfahan and Its Palaces: Statecraft, Shiʿism, and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008
- Heidi A. Walcher (2008). In the Shadow of the King: Zill al-Sultān and Isfahān under the Qājārs. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850434344.
- David Durand-Guédy (2010). Iranian Elites and Turkish Rulers: A History of Iṣfahān in the Saljūuq Period. Routledge. ISBN 9780415457101.
- Habib Borjian (2012). "Isfahan: Modern Economy And Industries: Isfahan City". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- Masashi Haneda; Rudi Matthee (2012). "Isfahan: Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- Hossein Kamaly (2012). "Isfahan: Medieval Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 27 December 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
- Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Isfahan". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
- Habibollah Zanjani (2012). "Isfahan: Population: Isfahan City". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2017.
- Kheirandish, Elaheh. Baghdad and Isfahan: A Dialogue of Two Cities in an Age of Science CA. 750-1750 (Harvard UP, 2021) excerpt Archived 2023-06-01 at the Wayback Machine
in other languages[edit]
- Abu'l-Šayḵ ʿAbd-Allāh b. Moḥammad, Ṭabaqāt al-moḥaddeṯin be-Eṣfahān wa'l-wāredin ʿalayhā (in Arabic) (Biographical dictionary written in 10th century CE)
- Mafarrukhi, Maḥāsen Eṣfahān (in Arabic) (Written in 11th century CE)
- Abu Noʿaym Eṣfahāni, Ḏekr akbār Eṣfahān (in Arabic) (Biographical dictionary written in 11th century CE)
- Jean-Baptiste Tavernier (1676). "Description d'Ispahan ville capitale des Estats du Roy de Perse". Les Six Voyages (in French). Paris. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- Jean Chardin (1811) [1686]. "(Ispahan)". Voyages du chevalier Chardin en Perse (in French). Vol. 7. Paris. pp. 289+. hdl:2027/nyp.33433082406509. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- Claude Anet (1906). "Une semaine a Ispahan". La Perse en automobile: à travers la Russie et le Caucase (in French). Paris: Félix Juven. pp. 233+.
- Sayyid Ali Al-Jinab. al-Iṣfahān (in Persian). circa 1920s?
- André Godard (1937). "Isfahan". Āthār-é Īrān / Annales du Service archéologique de l'Iran (in French) (2): 7–176. OCLC 3230219.
- Helga Anschütz [in German] (1967). "Persische Stadttypen. Eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Städte Teheran - Isfahan - Abadan - Chorramschahr, und Buschir in Iran". Geografische Rundschau (in German). 19. ISSN 0016-7460.
- H. Gaube and E. Wirth. Der Bazar von Isfahan, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Beihefte B/22, Wiesbaden, 1978.
- Rosemarie Quiring-Zoche (1980). Isfahan im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert: Ein Beitrag zur persischen Stadtgeschichte. Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.
- Quaderni del Seminario di iranistica dell'Università di Venezia (in Italian), 1981 (Special issue on Isfahan)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isfahan.
- Ehsan Yarshater (ed.). "Isfahan". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes multiple articles)
- Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Isfahan". Bibliographia Iranica. USA: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
- Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
- Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Europeana)
- Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
- "(Isfahan)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University.
Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
- "(Isfahan)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg,
Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century