User:Alexaneybold/Crime in the United States

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Revised Summary[edit]

The suggestions I was given to revise are such as:

  1. (Lead) Add more to the lead section to introduce the information that will be discussed later on.
    1. Going down the line of the contents table of the original article, it states there will be discussions about victims, violent crime, property crime, geography of crime, etc. I added a follow up lead section describing what police look for when first investigating crime, this introduces the offender, victim, type of crime, level of crime, and location of crime. I then discussed how society affects crime based on economical standpoints, geographical standpoints etc. I also mentioned that society has a heightened fear of crime due to media such as movies and tv shows, but that these are the statistics and details. I added a scholarly source from the Albany database.
  2. (Content) Include facts about the typical behavior of an offender- For example, are offenders more easily angered? Does their environment or people they hang around lead to offending or lead to them being more prone to offending?
    1. Added facts about the typical offender society fears and does not fear. I also added what might occur to make an offender more likely to offend based off their environmental.
  3. (Content) Include statutory and incoherent crime statistics- Statutory crimes relate to alcohol and drugs being present in a crime which could lead to more severe crimes being done such as driving under the influence or sex/drug Trafficking. Inchoate crimes are crimes that have not been completed but a legitimate intention or action was done in hopes of completing the crime.
    1. So far the only information comes from 1998 and the most recent statutory crime information I can find it from 2006, until I can find information from 2019 I do not want to add any drug or alcohol related instances into the mix.
  4. (Tone and Balance) Add in crime rates from specific areas- Is one area likely to have higher crime than another? Are poverty stricken neighborhoods more likely to be an increase in crime compared to rich neighborhoods. Do certain laws in a state make it more likely crime will occur.
    1. I am struggling to find any article that has information about this topic that does not go past the year 2019.
  5. (Source) Use scholarly sources from bibliography
    1. added source number [1], [2]
  6. (Images and Media) Add photo or visual of data
    1. Added in Homicide Rates per 100,000 people chart.

Edit Summary for Peer Reviewer[edit]

1. I began by copying a section from the article titled Characteristics of Offenders. In this section there were two tables, a few paragraphs, and a photo of a graph about 2008 statistics. I deleted the outdated graph completely. I changed the information in the tables to focus on 2019 date from the NCVS about arrested offenders by race and gender. I then replaced the entire first paragraph that talked about 2012 stereotypical offenders and statistics. I replaced this information with statistics recently updated from 2019. I added in and found new sources to support my information.

2. For the lead section, the first thing I did was change all statistics in the table to 2019 rather than 2012 information. I also added information in the lead section to provide the reader with the detail information they would be reading about further into the page, including more recent 2019 material. I continued the trend from the early 1990s, which the lead section was previously talking about, and I added in how the crime trend has changed from 1994 until 2019. I kept the second paragraph in the lead section the same because it displays a solid informative section about where the statistics have come from along with links to read further about the UCR and NCVS.

3. I updated all the information in the last two paragraphs from percentages of 2011 to information about 2019 offenders. This information is based on race and gender. I deleted the portion that discussed hate crime by offender from 2011. These two paragraphs originally only highlighted percentage rates per every White and Black person arrested in 2011, but I added in inclusive information for arrest rates including Native Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander statistics as well.

  1. Add an edit summary that says copied from [[article]] with the name of the original article, then save it by clicking Publish changes

Lead Section[edit]

Crime in the United States has been recorded since colonization. Crime rates have varied over time, with a sharp rise after 1900, reaching a broad bulging peak between the 1970s and early 1990s. Since then, crime has declined significantly and remains moderate at best nationwide, with such crime rates continuing such a decline to this day. Since 1994 crime rates have steadily decreased, before rising up after 2015 until 2018. From 2018 to 2019, crime rates have recontinued at a steady decline.[3]

Statistics on specific crimes are indexed in the annual Uniform Crime Reports by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and by annual National Crime Victimization Surveys by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. In addition to the primary Uniform Crime Report known as Crime in the United States, the FBI publishes annual reports on the status of law enforcement in the United States. The report's definitions of specific crimes are considered standard by many American law enforcement agencies. According to the FBI, index crime in the United States includes violent crime and property crime. Violent crime consists of five criminal offenses: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and gang violence; property crime consists of burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, and arson.

The basic aspect of a crime considers the offender, the victim, type of crime, severity and level of that crime, and location. These are the basic questions asked by law enforcement when first investigating any situation. This information is formatted into a government record by a police arrest report, also known as an incident report. These forms lay out all the information needed to put the crime in the system and it provides a strong outline for further law enforcement agents to review. Society has a strong misconception about crime rates due to media aspects heightening their fear factor.[4] The system's crime data fluctuates by crime depending on certain influencing societal factors such as economics, the dark figure of crime, population, and geography.[4]

United States
Crime rates* (2019)[5]
Violent crimes
Homicide 5.0
Rape 29.9
Robbery 81.6
Aggravated assault 250.2
Total violent crime 366.7
Property crimes
Burglary 340.5
Larceny-theft 1549.5
Motor vehicle theft 219.9
Total property crime 2,109.9
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.

Estimated total population: 328,239,523.

In 2013 the FBI modified the definition of rape. Source: Crime in the United States by Volume and Rate per 100,000 Inhabitants, 2000-2019 (Table 1)

Characteristics of Offenders[edit]

According to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) from 2018 to 2019 there was a 19% decline in reported serious crimes. 880,000 less people were victimized.[6][3] From 2018 to 2019 the rate of property crime decreased 6%. This is a decline of 6.8 victimizations per 1,000 households.[7] Violent victimization based on race and ethnicity from the years 2005 to 2019 have dropped by 26% overall. The rate for white individuals fell 24%. The rate for black individuals fell 43%. [8]

Arrested Offenders by Race (2019)[9]
Year White Black American Indian or

Alaskan Native

Asian or

Pacific Islander

2019 7,014,550 2,667,010 244,200 159,450
Violent Crime 276,310 172,980 11,110 10,480
Property Crime 717,390 320,270 20,450 16,260
Arrested Offenders by Gender (2019)[10]
Year Male Female
2019 5,012,260 1,905, 292
Violent Crime 367,350 103,540
Property Crime 671,920 402,450

Characteristics of offenders vary from the average for specific types of crimes and specific crimes. In terms of violent crime by gender, in 2019, 78.9% of arrested persons were male and 21.1% were female.[11]Males were 88.0% of those arrested for homicide, while females were 12.0%.[11]Among those arrested for rape in 2019, males were 96.6% and females were 3.4%.[11] For property crime in 2019, 62.3% of arrested persons were male and 37.7% were female.[11]

For violent crime by race in 2019, 59.1% of those arrested were White, 36.4% were Black, 2.3% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.6% were Asian, and 0.6% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.[12]For persons arrested for homicide in 2019, 45.8% were White, 51.2% were Black, 1.6% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.0% were Asian, and 0.4% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.[12] For persons arrested for rape in 2019, 69.8% were White, 26.7% were Black, 1.5% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.7% were Asian, and 0.4% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.[12] For property crime in 2019, 66.8% of arrested persons were White, 29.8% were Black, 1.9% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.2% were Asian, and 0.3% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.[12]

In 2019, 16,425 cases of intentional homicide took place in the United States. This means that the homicide rate (per 100,000 residents) was measured at 5.0.
The map above shows the intentional homicide rate in each state (per 100,000 residents) of the United States and the District of Columbia. Data comes from the FBI's Uniform Crime Report 2019. [13]

Behaviors of Offender[edit]

Typical characteristics of offenders that are supported by the public are those that suffer from a mental illness or drug addiction, offenders younger than 20-30, offenders older than 30, female offenders, and those of a racial or ethnic majority group. Offender occupation status and legality are also leading affective.[1]

Factors that may motivate an offender to act on their instincts can depend on their surrounding environment. This could include the amount of people in the area, the class level of the area, amount of law enforcement in a public area.[2] There are also other factors that may motivate an offender aside from their surrounding such as prior trauma, psychological damage, and biological factors.[2]

Crime Type and Severity[edit]

People are more likely to fear and be less sympathetic toward offenders with a violent criminal history. [1] Violent criminal history includes any offenses, of the severity of a felony, such as sexual rape, homicide, aggravated assault, and robbery. [5] People associate these criminals with a negative connotation especially in comparison to those with a non-violent, non-sexual, criminal history, offenses with a misdemeanor severity level. [1]

  1. ^ a b c d "Predicting support for community corrections: Crime type and severity, and offender, observer, and victim characteristics".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ a b c Read "Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 4: Consequences and Control" at NAP.edu.
  3. ^ a b "Criminal Victimization, 2019" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice.
  4. ^ a b ["https://search.library.albany.edu/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=01SUNY_ALB:01SUNY_ALB&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&tab=Everything&docid=cdi_informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_0735648X_2019_1656102" "The measurement and prevalence of violent crime in the United States: persons, places, and times"]. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ a b "Table 1". FBI. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
  6. ^ "Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) - Criminal Victimization, 2019". www.bjs.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  7. ^ "Criminal Victimizations, 2019" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice.
  8. ^ "Violent Victimization by Race or Ethnicity, 2005-2019" (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice.
  9. ^ "Arrests by offense, age, and race". www.ojjdp.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  10. ^ "Arrests by offense, age, and gender". www.ojjdp.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-25.
  11. ^ a b c d "Table 42". FBI. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  12. ^ a b c d "Table 43". FBI. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
  13. ^ "Table 1". FBI. Retrieved 2021-03-12.
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