User:Haoreima/Meitei art and culture
| Other names |
|
|---|---|
| General information | |
| Language | Meitei language (officially called Manipuri language) |
| Ethnicity | Meitei people (Manipuri people) |
| Origin | Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur') |
The Meitei language (officially called Manipuri language) speaking people, the predominant ethnic group of Kangleipak (Meitei for 'Manipur'), has distinct art and culture.
Folklore, mythology and religion[edit]
Sanamahism (Meitei: ꯁꯅꯥꯃꯍꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ, romanized: Sanamahi Laining, lit. 'Sanamahi religion') or Meiteism (Meitei: ꯃꯩꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ, romanized: Meitei Laining, lit. 'Meitei religion') or Lainingthouism (Meitei: ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ, romanized: Lainingthou Laining, lit. 'faith of God-king') is an ethnic religion of the Meitei people. It is a polytheistic religion and is named after God Lainingthou Sanamahi, one of the most important deities of the Meitei faith.
On 5th of August 2022, the Manipur State Legislative Assembly had a resolution to record the Sanamahi religion in the census data with a separate unique code as an officially recognised minority religion of India. In the past, on 31st of July 2002 and on 1st of August 2003, the Manipur State Legislative Assembly had adopted other similar resolutions to have a unique separate code for the religion but remain unsuccessful due to the lack of approval from the Central Government of India.[a][1][2][3][4]
Family structure and marriage[edit]
Festivals[edit]
- Imoinu Iratpa (Emoinu Eratpa)
- Heikru Hidongba
- Kwaak Taanba
- Mera Chaorel Houba
- Mera Hou Chongba
- Ningol Chakouba
- Panthoibi Iratpa
- Sajibu Nongma Panba
- Sanamahi Ahong Khong Chingba
- Yaosang
Cuisine[edit]
Language and literature[edit]
Meitei language (officially called Manipuri language) is a Sino-Tibetan language of Tibeto-Burman linguistic branch. It is the lingua franca and the official language of Manipur state of Northeast India and one of the 22 official languages of the Indian Republic. Historically, it was the court language of the Manipur Kingdom in accordance to the Manipur State Constitution Act 1947 until Manipur gets merged into the Indian Union in the year 1949.
The Meitei Language Day (Manipuri Language Day) is observed on the 20th of August every year, to mark the inclusion of the language in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.
In India, Meitei people face several Meitei language movements. The Scheduled language movement was successful. Presently, there are three ongoing Meitei linguistic movements, which are Meitei classical language movement, Meitei associate official language movement and Meitei linguistic purism movement.
Meitei is written in both Meitei script as well as Eastern Nagari script (Bengali script).
“Among the various Tibeto-Burman languages, the most important and in literature certainly of much greater importance than Newari, is the Meitei or Manipuri language.”
“The beginning of this old Manipuri literature (as in the case of Newari) may go back to 1500 years, or even 2000 years, from now.”— Suniti Kumar Chatterjee, Padma Vibhushan Awardee
Meitei literature (Manipuri literature) is one of the 24 recognised literatures by the Sahitya Akademi, India's national academy of letters.
The ancient epics like the Numit Kappa and the Epic cycles of incarnations (including the Khamba Thoibi) are some of the good examples of the classical Meitei literature.
The Meitei translations and literary adaptations of the Mahabharata are some of the classics of medieval and modern times. Besides, there are several epics in Meitei literature.
Performing arts[edit]
Dance[edit]
Classical dance[edit]
Manipuri Raas Leela, the Manipuri classical dance, was developed by Meitei King Rajarshi Bhagyachandra (Meitei: Ching-Thang Khomba), the Maharaja of Manipur Kingdom. It is one of the 8 major classical dances of India, as officially recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the national academy of performing arts in India. It focuses on the Lila of the Rasa (aesthetics) of the Radha Krishna and the Gopis.
Music[edit]
Pena (musical instrument), a traditional Meitei string instrument, is one of the most well known musical instruments in Meitei musical world. It is most popularly used in Lai Haraoba, the religious ritual festival of Sanamahism, the traditional Meitei religion.
There are 9 important categories of musical genres associated with the Pena (musical instrument), performed in the Lai Haraoba. These are (1) Tengtharol or Shikaplol, (2) Panthoibi Seisak or Kalen Seijing, (3) Kalen Seiding or Khutlang Eshei, (4) Leimarel Seisak, (5) Ayang Leima Seisak, (6) Nongthang Leima Seisak, (7) Lamin or Pi-thadoi, (8) Anoirol Seisak or Hepli Seisak and (9) Ngangak or Haisak.
Visual arts[edit]
Painting[edit]
Sculpture[edit]
Meitei architecture[edit]
Sports and martial arts[edit]
“Polo can be traced to origins in Manipur state c. 3100 B.C., when it was played as Sagol Kangjei. Other claims are of it being of Persian origin, having been played as pulu c. 525 B.C.”
— Guinness World Records, 1991 edition
Popular media[edit]
Television[edit]
Journalism[edit]
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Logos of different Meitei language newspapers (using either Meitei script or Bengali script or both)
Meitei language newspapers are either printed in Meitei script or in Bengali script or even in both. All Manipuri language newspapers will be using the Meitei script (Meitei: Meetei Mayek) instead of Bengali script from 15 January 2023, in accordance to a joint meeting consensus of the "Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup" (MEELAL), the "All Manipur Working Journalists’ Union" (AMWJU) and the "Editors' Guild Manipur" (EGM) in Imphal.[14][15][16][17][18]
Cinema[edit]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ The Constitution of India guarantees every citizen of India the right to freedom of religion and there is a provision for the protection of religious and ethnic minorities.
- ^ This position is just for mythological perspectives only. It is not corresponding to the historical datings.
References[edit]
- ^ "Separate code mooted for Sanamahi religion : 06th aug22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
- ^ Chingkheinganba, Salam. "Okram Joy threatens to throng at assembly if house fails to recognise Sanamahi as minority religion - Imphal Times". www.imphaltimes.com.
- ^ "Minority religion status sought". www.thesangaiexpress.com.
- ^ "Government should declare Sanamahi as minority religion, says O Joy". www.thesangaiexpress.com.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Salwons And Langwons Moirang and Ebuthou Thangjing Part 9". www.e-pao.net.
- ^ a b c d e f g Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (2018-05-11). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. pp. 236, 237. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0.
The epics of the seven incarnations Apart from several other works based on the theme of love, mention may be made of the literature coming from the Moirang region of Manipur. A civilization situated on the magnificent Loktak Lake, the culture of the Moirang clan has been noted. Numerous manuscripts of the Moirang region dwell on the theme of love. One of the most popular stories refers to the seven pairs of lovers who are regarded as incarnations of the same souls in different generations or ages. The seven cycles are Akongjamba (hero) and Phouoibi (heroine): Henjunaha (hero) and Leima Lairuklembi (heroine); Khuyol Haoba (hero) and Yaithing Konu (heroine); Kadeng Thangjahanba (hero) and Tonu Laijinglembi (heroine); Ura Naha Khongjomba (hero) and Pidonnu (heroine); Wanglen Pungdingheiba (hero) and Sappa Chanu Silheibi (heroine); Khamba (hero) and Thoibi (heroine).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 62, 63. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 63, 64, 65. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 65, 66. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 66, 67. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 67, 68. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 68, 69. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh, Ch Manihar (1996). A History of Manipuri Literature. Original from:the University of Michigan. India: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 69, 70. ISBN 978-81-260-0086-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Meetei Mayek in newspapers". www.thesangaiexpress.com.
- ^ "Meetei Mayek in newspapers : 29th jan22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
- ^ Time, Pratidin. "Meetei Mayek to Replace Bengali Script in Manipuri Newspapers from 2023". Pratidin Time.
- ^ HYNews. "All Bengali script Manipuri Dailies in Manipur to Print in Meitei Eyek (Script) from 15th January 2023". hynews.in.
- ^ "State dailies to cease Bengali script Manipuri papers from Jan, 2023 : 29th jan22 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.