User:HistoryofIran/sandbox

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To do[edit]

Small Hellenistic/Parthian era kingdoms[edit]

Other stuff[edit]

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Poets, authors[edit]

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Viziers[edit]

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Create:

Achaemenid/Parthian/Sasanian monarchs 550 BC–651 CE[edit]

Long-term goal: bring the majority of Parthian/Sasanian monarchs to GA. Not possible to bring all of them to GA due to lack of information.

Median[edit]

Achaemenid[edit]

Arsacid/Parthian[edit]

Sasanian[edit]

  • Ardashir I (224–242)
  • Shapur I (240–270)
  • Hormizd I (270–271) -> mention his mother, the daughter of Mihrak
  • Bahram I (271–274) -> perhaps more emphasis about what years he in reality reigned, as there is more than one timeline of years of rule ascribed to him. Perhaps more emphasis about his relation with Mani as well (though it may have in reality been Narseh who dealt with Mani during his term as governor of Sakastan; this is still obsecure though and will be further analysed in future sources)
  • Bahram II (274–293)
  • Bahram III (293)
  • Narseh (293–302)
  • Hormizd II (302–309)
  • Shapur II (309–379)
  • Ardashir II (379–383) -> needs expanding in relief section (?)
  • Shapur III (383–388)
  • Bahram IV (388–399)
  • Yazdegerd I (399–420) -> his brief persecution at the end of his reign, how the Christians viewed him, his comparison to Constantine the Great, the Mithraitic legend of his death, "Even the native tradition ([3])"
  • Bahram V (420–438) -> add Mikalid claim, add Buyid claim, Haft Peykar fix, add Hasht Bihisht, expand Byzantine war, fix coin section, bit more on Armenia
  • Yazdegerd II (438–457) -> the actual reason behind his war against the Romans needs to be mentioned, more detail regarding his war against the Hephthalites, and Fereydun and his three sons receving each part of the ancient world
  • Hormizd III (457–459)
  • Peroz I (459–484) -> Sasanian characteristics of the Bolnisi Sioni, Sindh mint, famine, relations with the Mihranids, Judaism, relations with Mihr Narseh, Zurvanism, crowns, mby assessment and legacy?
  • Balash (484–488)
  • Kavad I (488–531) -> more details on background/state of the Sasanian Empire, more details on the Mazdakite movement, his sons (Jamasp and Kawus), his date of birth, Justinians efforts to turn Yemen against Kavad, the Sasanians being accepted as legitimate monarchs of the Christians under Kavad, the loss of Khorasan and death of Kavad's brothers in 484, how his sister/wife helped him escape, unlikely for him to being captured after Peroz's loss, due to in reality not being born at that time, Historiography (?)
  • Khosrow I (531–579)
  • Hormizd IV (579–590) -> overthrow and fall: vinduyih, imprisonment of nobles, need to mention his brief imprisonment, his policies (background of the Parthian-Sasanian partnership, his attempt to remove the Parthians, make the Sasanians an absolute monarchy, and war against the Byzantines)
  • Khosrow II (590-628)
  • Bahram Chobin§ (590–591)
  • Vistahm§ (591–596)
  • Kavad II (628) -> mention how many historians criticize the execution of his brothers, even considering to play a key-role in the downfall of the Sasanian Empire. mention how Pourshariati considered Kavad II to a be puppet of the grandees, such as Piruz Khosrow, and how the army had split up into three (Shahrbaraz, Adurbadagan, and Nemroz). mention Kavad II's relation with Shirin and how he is portrayed in Persian literature. expand Coinage and Religious Policy sections.
  • Ardashir III (628–629)
  • Shahrbaraz (630)
  • Boran (629-632)
  • Azarmidokht (630-631)
  • Farrukh Hormizd§ (630–631)
  • Yazdegerd III (632–651)

In the 5th-century, the mythological term of Turan came to denote the lands above the Oxus River, i.e. Transoxiana, which the Hunnic tribes ruled. In Iranian mythology, the Turanians were the ancient rivals of the Iranians and worshippers of the devil Ahriman.[1][2] -> Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41. doi:10.1353/jla.2016.0011. S2CID 156673274.

Achaemenid/Seleucid/Parthian/Sasanian related articles[edit]

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Iranian intermezzo[edit]

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Iranians in Asia Minor[edit]

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Armenia[edit]

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Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar kings[edit]

Long-term goal: bring the majority of Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar kings to GA.

Medieval Iranian kings[edit]

Kings in Gilan/Daylam/Mazandaran[edit]

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Seljuq rulers and officials[edit]

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Ghaznavid rulers and officials[edit]

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Timurid era[edit]

Ghiyas al-Din Pir Ahmad Khvafi and his son Majd al-Din Muhammad Khvafi - Timurids in transition

M�rak - Timurids in transition

Regions/Provinces/Peoples[edit]

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Cities[edit]

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Safavid Mazandaran[edit]

Velāyat-i Māzandarān
ولیت‌ای مازندران
Province of the Safavid dynasty
1504–1736

Map of northern Iran.
CapitalSari
History 
• Established
1504
• Disestablished
1736
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Afrasiyab dynasty
Marashis
Paduspanids
Afsharid dynasty
Today part of Iran

The Mazandaran province (Persian: ولیت‌ای مازندران, romanized: Velāyat-e Māzandarān) was a province of the Safavid Empire, which almost corresponded to the present-day province of Mazandaran.

History[edit]

In 1596, Farhad Khan was appointed as the governor of Mazandaran. However, the province was still ruled by various vassal rulers, whom Farhad Khan took action against; before the upcoming year, Farhad Khan had seized Hezarjarib and after a two-month siege, captured the capital of the province, Amol, killing its local ruler Sayyid Muzaffar. After having successfully subjugated Mazandaran, Farhad Khan left the province under the control of one of his other brothers, Alvand Sultan.[3] However, the Paduspanid ruler Bahman of Larijan shortly rebelled against the latter, but was defeated by Farhad Khan, who seized Larijan, Nur and Kojur. Farhad Khan then advanced to Savadkuh, which he had by 1597 captured, thus subduing all of Mazandaran.[3]

List of governors[edit]

Date Governor
1510-? Mir Sayyed Sharif
1511-? Agha Rostam Ruzafzun
1512-1521 Agha Mohammad Ruzafzun
1512-1521 Abdol-Karim
? Sayyed Qavam al-Din
1564 Mir Abdollah Khan
1564 Mir Morad Khan
? Mir Abdol-Karim
?-1576 Soltan Hoseyn Mirza
1576 Soltan Mohammad Khan
1576-1577 Mir Ali Khan
1578 (?) Sayyed Mozaffar Morteza'i
?-1580 Mir Morad
1595-1596 Rule by several chieftains
1596-1598 Farhad Khan Qaramanlu
1594-1607 Mirzay Alameyn
?-1600 Mir Abol-Qasem
1600-? Agha Mohammad Abhari
1607–1609 Kvajeh Mohammad Shafi
1609-? Mirza Abu'l-Qasem Torshizi
1611-1634 Saru Taqi
1634-1642 Mohammad Saleh Beg
1642-1653 Mirza Qasem
1653-? Mirza Sadeq
1675 Mirza Hashem
1699-? Ma'sum Beg

References[edit]

  1. ^ Payne 2015b, p. 284.
  2. ^ Payne 2016, pp. 5, 27–28.
  3. ^ a b Matthee 1999.

Sources[edit]

  • Floor, Willem M. (2008). Titles and Emoluments in Safavid Iran: A Third Manual of Safavid Administration, by Mirza Naqi Nasiri. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers. pp. 1–337. ISBN 978-1933823232.
  • Matthee, Rudi (1999). "FARHĀD KHAN QARAMĀNLŪ, ROKN-AL-SALṬANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

Marashis[edit]

List of rulers[edit]

The rulers in italics were not from the Marashi family.

Sari[edit]

  • Qavam al-Din I 1357-1362
  • Kamal al-Din I 1362-1393
  • Jamshid Karin Ghawri 1393-1404
  • Shams al-Din Karin Ghawri 1404-1406
  • Ali Sari (abans d'Amor) 1406-1410
    • Yahya (associat) 1406-1410
    • Sharaf al-Din (associat) 1406-1410
  • Murtada I 1410-1411
  • Ali Sari (2a vegada) 1411-1417
  • Murtada I (2a vegada) 1417-1433
  • Shams al-Din Mohammad 1433-1452
  • Abdollah I 1452
  • Abdol-Karim I 1452-1459
  • Abu Said ibn Muhammad de Transoxiana 1459-1460
  • Abdol-Karim I 1460 (second reign)
  • Abu Said ibn Muhammad de Transoxiana 1460 (second reign)
  • Mahmud ibn Abu Saïd 1460-1461
  • Abdol-Karim I 1461 (tercera vegada)
  • Abdollah I 1461-1462 (second reign)
  • Kamal al-Din II 1462-1463
  • Abdollah 1463-1465 (tercera vegada)
  • Mir Qavan 1465
  • Abdollah 1465-1467 (quarta vegada)
  • Zeyn al-Abedin 1467-1470
  • Abdol-Karim II 1470-1471
  • Zeyn al Abedin 1471-1476 (second reign)
    • Abdol-Karim II 1476-1477 (second reign) també a Amol governant tot Mazanderan

Amol[edit]

  • Qavam al-Din I 1357-1362
  • Rida al-Din 1362-1393
  • Iskandar-i Shaykhi 1393-1403
  • Ali (Ali Sari) 1403-1406
    • Ghiyath al-Din (associat) 1403-1406
  • Qavam al-Din II 1406-1407
  • Ali Amoli 1407-1412
  • Qavam al-Din II 1412-1415 (second reign)
  • Ali Amoli 1415-1420 (second reign)
  • Qavam al-Din 1420-1435 (third reign)
  • Kamal al-Din 1435-1440
  • Abdol-Karim 1440-1441
  • Kamal al-Din 1441 (second reign)
  • Murtada 1441
  • Kamal al-Din 1441-1442 (third reign)
  • Murtada 1442-1443 (second reign)
  • Kamal al-Din 1443-1445 (quarta vegada)
  • Murtada 1445-1453 (third reign)
  • Shams al-Din 1453-1460
  • Asad Allah 1460-1472
  • Ibrahim 1472-1473
  • Asad Allah 1473-1474 (second reign)
  • Hasan 1474-1475
  • Asad Allah 1475-1476 (third reign)
  • Abd al-Karim (II de Sari i d'Amol, III sayyid marashi) 1476-1477 (governa Sari i Amol, o sigui tot el Mazanderan)

Mazandaran[edit]

  • Zeyn al-Abedin (third reign in Sari and Amol) 1477-1480
  • Abdol-Karim II (third reign in Sari and Amol) 1480-1481
  • Zeyn al-Abedin (fourth reign in Sari and Amol) 1481-1486
  • Shams al-Din (I de Sari i II d'Amol) 1486-1487
  • Abdol-Karim II (fourth reign a Sari i tercera a Amol) 1487-1488
  • Annexió a l'emirat dels qara qoyunlu 1488-1490
  • Abdol-Karim II (fifth reign in Sari and Amol) 1490-1491
  • Annexió a l'emirat dels qara qoyunlu 1491-1492
  • Shams al-Din (I de Sari i II d'Amol, second reign) 1492-1500
  • Kamal al-Din III de Sari (II d'Amol) 1500-1503
  • Abdol-Karim II (sixth reign a Sari-Barfurushdih i cinquena a Amol-1/2) 1503-1510
    • Agha Rostam Ruzafzun, regent 1503-1510
  • Abdol-Karim II (seventh reign in Sari and Amol) 1510-1526
    • Mohammad ibn Rostam Ruzafzun, regent vers 1412-1415
  • Mohammad ibn Rostam Ruzafzun 1526-1546
    • Sultan Mahmud (in Barfurusdih) 1526-1527
    • Amir Shahi (in Barfurushdih) 1527-1531
  • Agha Rostam ibn Mohammad Ruzafzun 1546-1550
  • Suhrab 1550
  • Mir Abdollah Khan II 1550-1561
  • Sultan Morad I 1561-1576
  • Mir Khan Mahmud 1576-1577 (part)
  • Hasan Mirza 1576-1577 (part)
  • Mir Khan Mahmud 1577-1578 (sol)
  • Mir Ali Khan 1578-1579
  • Khayr al-Nisa Begum 1579-1580
  • Sultan Morad II 1580-1596

index[edit]

List of cities founded by the Sasanians[edit]

Coronation of the Sasanian monarch[edit]

The Coronation of the Sasanian monarch was a ceremony in which the King of Kings (shahanshah) was formally invested with a crown.

Al-Nasawi[edit]

Al-Nasawi was born in the fortress of Khurandiz, which was close to the town of Zaydar and formed a part of the outposts of Nasa. Al-Nasawi reports that his family had inhabited the area since the spread of Islam there.

Kings of Armenia 12–428[edit]

Kings of Edessa/Osroene
King Reign Comments
Vonones I 12–18 Former king of the Parthian Empire
Artaxias III 19–34 Vassal of Rome
Arsaces I 34–35 Vassal of the Parthian Empire
Mithridates 35–37 Vassal of Rome
Orodes 37–42 Vassal of Rome
Mithridates 42–51 Vassal of Rome
Rhadamistus 51–53 Vassal of Rome
Tiridates I 52–58 Vassal of the Parthian Empire
Tigranes VI of Armenia ​ 68–53 BC
Interregnum 53–52 BC
Ma'nu II 52–34 BC
Paqor 34–29 BC
Abgar III 29–26 BC
Abgar IV Sumaqa 26–23 BC
Ma'nu III Saflul 23–4 BC
Abgar V Ukkama, son of Ma'nu 4 BC–7 AD 1st tenure
Ma'nu IV, son of Ma'nu 7–13 AD
Abgar V Ukkama 13–50 AD 2nd tenure
Ma'nu V, son of Abgar 50–57 AD
Ma'nu VI, son of Abgar 57–71 AD
Abgar VI, son of Ma'nu 71–91 AD
Interregnum 91–109 AD
Abgar VII, son of Ezad 109–116 AD
Interregnum 116–118 AD
Yalur (Yalud) and Parthamaspates 118–122 AD Ruled together
Parthamaspates 122–123 AD Ruled alone
Ma'nu VII, son of Ezad 123–139 AD
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu 139–163 AD First tenure
Wa'el, son of Sahru 163–165 AD Installed by the Parthians
Ma'nu VIII, son of Ma'nu 165–177 AD Second tenure
Abgar VIII the Great, son of Ma'nu 177–212 AD
Abgar IX Severus, son of Abgar 212–214 AD Deposed by the Romans; Osroene incorporated as a Roman province (colonia)[1][2]
Ma'nu IX, son of Ma'nu 214–240 AD Ruled only in name
Abgar X Frahad, son of Ma'nu 240–242 AD Ruled only in name

Amastris[edit]

https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=96676

Callinicus[edit]

Mithridates I Callinicus (Greek: Μιθριδάτης ὀ Кαλλίνικος) was the Orontid king of Commagene from 100 BC to 70 BC.[3] Contrary to the previous Commagenean kings, more details are known regarding the reign of Mithridates and his son and successor Antiochus I Theos (r. 70–31 BC).[4]

https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/commagene-a-portion-of-southwestern-asia-minor-modern-turkey-

  1. ^ Sartre 2005, p. 508.
  2. ^ Segal 1982, pp. 210–213.
  3. ^ Canepa 2018, p. 241.
  4. ^ Weiskopf 1992, pp. 54–57.

Administrative divisions of Safavid Iran[edit]

The administrative divisions of Safavid Iran were administrative divisions of the state organisation of Safavid Iran.


In terms of financial management, the Safavids used the ancient Sasanian design of dividing the country into four regions (North, West, South, East).[1]

List of types[edit]

Administrative division Administrative official
Region encompassing several provinces zarrbed
waspuhragan-framadar
amargar
province (shahr) shahrab
ostandar
mowbed
driyoshan-jadaggow ud dadwar
gund-i-kadag-khwadaygan framadar
framadar
darigbed
amargar
andarzbad
district (rostag/tasug) maguh, dadwar
village (deh) dehgan, darig

References[edit]

  1. ^ Floor 2021, p. 218.

Sources[edit]

Timurids[edit]

The Timurids were an extension of Mongol rule, given their admiration of Mongol practices and prestige.[1] - Bashir, Shahzad, A Perso-Islamic Universal Chronicle in Its Historical Context: Ghiyas al-Din Khwandamir's Habib al-siyar. In Historiography and Religion, edited by Jörg Rüpke, Susanne Rau, and Bernd-Christian Otto. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2015

  1. ^ Bashir 2015, p. 219.

Layzan[edit]

Layzan was a district which corresponded to the present-day Lahıc


Under the Sasanian Empire, Layzan served as one of its vassal principalities,[1] and supposedly a district of Shirvan.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Minorsky 1958, p. 76.
  2. ^ Barthold & Bosworth 1997, p. 487.

Sources[edit]

Images[edit]

  1. A BATTLE BETWEEN TIMUR AND MUZAFFARADINS, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
  2. ATTACK OF THE SONS OF MUBARIZ AL-DIN ON THEIR FATHER, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
  3. THE RULER OF KHWARAZM TELLING ABOUT HIS DREAM TO SULTAN SANJAR, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
  4. THE MURDER OF DARA BY HIS VIZIERS
  5. HOROSCOPE OF THE TYRANT ARDAVAN
  6. YOUNG MEN CARRIED OFF BY A SIMURGH
  7. STRUGGLE OF A LION AND A DRAGON
  8. [4]
  9. [5]
  10. [6]
  11. THE PAVILION AND THE COURT OF ULJAITUS PALACE, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN
  12. AVICENNA OBSERVES A HEALER, FOLIO FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF NIGARISTAN

https://agakhanmuseum.org/collection?page=38 page 38


AN ILLUSTRATED LEAF FROM A MANUSCRIPT OF ASADI TUSI'S GARSHASP-NAMA DEPICTING GARSHASP AND HIS ARMY FIGHTING A SEA BATTLE WITH THE SON OF BHU, RULER OF SARANDIB (CEYLON)


  1. ARDASHIR RECOGNIZES HIS SON SHAPUR AT A POLO GAME
  2. Rustam and the Khaqan of Chin in combat: an episode from Firdausi's Shahnama
  3. BAHRAM-E CHUBINEH ATTACKS KHUSRAW PARVIZ’S ARMY AT NIGHT, SIGNED BY MU'IN MUSSAVIR, PERSIA, SAFAVID, 17TH CENTURY
  4. the Indian envoy at the court of Anushirvan offers a tribute if anyone can discover how to play the Indian game chess, by Mu’in Musavvir, Persia, Safavid, 1077 AH/1666-67 AD
  5. Bahram Gur sits on the ivory throne after having slain the lions, Persia, Safavid, mid-17th century
  6. Khosrow fighting Bahram’s army, Persia, Safavid, 16th century
  7. Ardashir stabs Ardavan, the last Parthian King, Persia, Shiraz, Safavid, 16th century
  8. Ardeshir asks for the hand of Ardavan's daughter, attributed to Mu'in Musavvir, Persia, Safavid, circa 1660
  9. capturing Ardavan, Persia, Safavid, 16th century
  10. A Princess Holding a Flower, Persia, Safavid, dated 935 AH/1528 AD
  11. A Seated Princess, Persia, Safavid, probably Herat, first half 16th century
  12. Alexander comforts the dying Dara, Persia, Safavid, Shiraz, circa 1560
  13. Bahram at the court of the Indian king Shangol, Persia, Safavid, Shiraz, 16th Century
  14. A Waqfnama written for Shah Sultan Husayn, signed by Ahmad Al-Nayrizi, Persia, Safavid, dated 1123 and 1129 AH/1711 and 1716 AD
  15. Nizami's Kheradnameh: Alexander on his voyage to India, Persia, Shiraz, Timurid, 15th century - inscribed in gold script with the name of the Safavid ruler Shah Sultan Husayn and bearing his seal impression dated 1125 AH/1713-14 AD
  16. Abutorab Esfahani (Toraba), Iran, art safavide, datée 1051H./1640-1
  17. 'Portrait of a noblewoman with a Rose', Iran, Isfahan, Safavid, circa 1680-1720
  18. Ardashir capturing Ardavan, Persia, Safavid, 16th century


Hafiz at the court of the Muzaffarid ruler Shah Shuja'

Zand[edit]

  1. [7]
  2. [8]
  3. [9]
  4. [10]
  5. [11]
  6. [12]
  7. [13]

GA[edit]

Poets[edit]

Zand titles[edit]

"In fact, they were twice removed from royalty, since they nominally supported one or other of Karim's sons as titular head of state--the title being presumably vakil but not explicitly so stated. None of the Zand rulers from Zaki Khan to Lotf 'Ali claimed any title loftier than that of khan" - p. 217 Perry, John R. (1979). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747–1779.

A common reference for consecutive rulers was Nader's mention of Iran's established borders during the Safavid dynasty. The same justification was employed by Karim Khan Zand and Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar to resolve similar land dispute resolutions. Iran facing o thers

Mohammad Khiabani[edit]

Mohammad Khiabani
Photo of Mohammad Khiabani
Member of the Iranian Parliament
In office
6 December 1914 – 13 November 1915
ConstituencyTabriz
Personal details
Born1879
Khameneh, Qajar Iran
Died1920 (aged 40–41)
Tabriz, Qajar Iran
Political partyDemocrat Party

Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani (also spelled Khiyabani; Persian: شیخ محمد خیابانی, 1880–1920), was an Iranian religious scholar and political leader who founded the short-lived state Azadistan.


Born in the village of Khameneh in the Azerbaijan province, he was the son of Haji Abdol Hamid, a merchant. After completing his primary education in Khameneh, Mohammed moved to Petrovsk in Dagestan to work for his father's company.[1][2] After a while, he went back to Iran to study religious studies in Tabriz, where he was taught jurisprudence by Haji Mirza Abol Hasan Agha Angji.[2]




The two communist parties Tudeh party and later Azerbaijani Democratic Party created a narrative a Khiabani and his party were pro-Bolshevik revolutionaries who might have planned to break away from Iranian rule and even proclaim a Soviet socialist government. The nature and intent of Khiabani's revolt, however, are largely refuted by recent data, which also sheds significant insight on his character as an admired political figure, the movement he headed, and the emergence and downfall of his uprising.[3]


References[edit]

  1. ^ Hairi.
  2. ^ a b Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam.
  3. ^ Atabaki 2006, p. 97.

Sources[edit]

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