User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hydrocele
| Hydrocele | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Hydrocoele, hydrocele testis |
 | |
| The right testis, exposed by laying open the tunica vaginalis. (Tunica vaginalis is labeled at upper right.) | |
| Specialty | Urology |
| Symptoms | Painless fluid filled sac within the scrotum[1] |
| Complications | Infection, bleeding, infertility[2] |
| Types | Communicating, noncommunicating[3] |
| Causes | Children: Failure of closure of the processus vaginalis[2] Adults: Filariasis, injury, following hernia surgery[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Examination, ultrasound[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Groin hernia, testicular tumor, epididymitis, spermatocele, varicocele[2] |
| Treatment | Observation, surgery[2] |
| Frequency | Common[4] |
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid, most commonly around the testicle.[5] It generally presents as painless swelling of the scrotum.[3][2] Usually only one side is affected.[1] Complications may include infection, bleeding, or infertility.[2] In females a hydrocele may form in the labia majora.[4]
The most common cause in children is a failure of the processus vaginalis to close.[2] In adults the most common causes include filariasis, injury, and following hernia surgery.[2] The underlying mechanism involves fluid collecting within the tunica vaginalis.[2] Diagnosis is usually by examination and ultrasound.[3]
Cases in newborns typically resolve on their own in the first year or two of life.[2] In those who develop symptoms, surgery is the primary treatment.[2] While it can be aspirated, the fluid generally simply recollects.[2] In newborns, outcomes are generally excellent; while in adulthood outcomes depend on the underlying cause.[2]
Hydroceles are common globally, particularly in low and middle income countries.[4] Around 2 to 5% of males may be affected in the first year of life.[6] Males are more commonly affected than females.[6] It is believed that the condition is underreported due to modesty.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Hydrocele in Adults | Fluid in the Scrotum | Tests & Treatment". patient.info. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Huzaifa, M; Moreno, MA (January 2022). "Hydrocele". PMID 32644551.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d "Painless Scrotal Mass - Genitourinary Disorders". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d Beard, JH; Ohene-Yeboah, M; devries, CR; Schecter, WP; Debas, HT; Donkor, P; Gawande, A; Jamison, DT; Kruk, ME; Mock, CN (2 April 2015). "Hernia and Hydrocele". doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0346-8_ch9. PMID 26741001.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. W B Saunders Co. 2000. p. 839. ISBN 9780721662541.
- ^ a b Cabana, Michael (30 August 2018). 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1997. ISBN 978-1-9751-2684-1.