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NASA's Apollo Lunar Surface Journal (ALSJ)[1] records the details of each mission's time on the lunar surface as a timeline of the activities undertaken, the dialogue between the crew and Mission Control, and the relevant documentary records. Each photograph taken on the mission is catalogued there and each photographic sequence is also recorded. This page tabulates the Apollo 17 panoramas and, where appropriate, provides updated representations of the panoramas blended using more recent technologies than the originals.

Context[edit]

Apollo 17 was the sixth and final lunar landing of the Apollo program. It was also the first (and only) landing to feature a non-test-pilot-trained astronaut with Harrison ("Jack") Schmitt becoming the first geologist to reach another world. As might be expected, Apollo 17 benefitted from the experience gained from its predecessors and its crew broke a number of records; longest duration on the Moon, furthest travelled on the Lunar Rover, heaviest amount of samples returned, being some examples.

In terms of photography, both members of the crew (Commander (Gene Cernan) and Lunar Module Pilot (Jack Schmitt) contributed roughly equivalent numbers of panoramic shots. There is an appreciable jump in the quality of the panoramas taken on this mission though; there is better overlap between the component photos and the subject coverage appears to be more diverse.

The Lunar Module (LM), Challenger, landed with its door and ladder leg (AKA "+Z strut") pointing approximately due west. The Sun's elevation[2] was around 15°-19° for EVA 1, 27°-31° for EVA 2, and 39°-47° for EVA 3.

Rover Panoramas (LVR Pans)[edit]

Charlie Duke is credited with inventing a new procedure during EVA 2; the "LRV Pan" or "Rover Pan" (also known as a "360")[3]. The process of getting onto and off of the rover was protracted due to the bulky suit and backpack that the astronauts wore, but Duke realised that by having Young drive the rover in a tight circle he could snap a panoramic sequence simply by pointing the camera straight ahead and continuously pressing the shutter button from his seated position ("click - click - click - click - click -click"[4])

Although efficient in terms of time and effort, the approach presented some issues:-

  • Panoramic sequences are best shot from a single position - in these cases the camera was moved for each shot
  • Every shot contains foreground items (the rover's TV camera and antenna) that impact on as much as 50% each of image
  • The camera is subject to the movements and orientation of the rover
  • Camera settings have to be changed "On the fly"

The first noted LRV Pan was the sequence AS16-115-18503 to 18511 - see "Timestamp 148:41:11" above. Empirical analysis suggests that the sequence is limited to AS16-115-18107 to 18711 and the result is shown below:-

First recorded "LRC Pan" - Apollo 16 - AS16-115-18503-18511.jpg

Non-EVA (LM-based) panoramas[edit]

With the extensive coverage in the prior missions, Non-EVA panoramas were eschewed in preference for those taken on the surface. After the final EVA, a few additional pans were taken, certainly to use up the remaining film, but also in the sense of nostalgia at the passing of the program.


Table 17.1 Non-EVA panoramas
Mission Time (MET) EVA # Title Astronaut Magazine Type Start Frame End Frame Source Reference Panorama Sourced Alternate Updated Panorama Notes
XVII 115:03:02 Pre-EVA Pre-EVA-1 Window Pans Cernan/Schmitt 147 Colour 22469 22491 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 115:03:02 Pre-EVA Pre-EVA-1 Window Pans - Horizon Sequence Schmitt 147 Colour 22469 22478 ALSJ
N/A Sub-panorama
XVII 115:03:02 Pre-EVA Pre-EVA-1 Window Pans - Second Sequence Schmitt 147 Colour 22469 22478 ALSJ
N/A Sub-panorama
XVII 115:03:02 Pre-EVA CDR Window Cernan 173 Colour 22479 22491 ALSJ
N/A Sub-panorama
XVII 115:03:02 Pre-EVA Pre-EVA-1 Right Window Pan Hi-Res Schmitt 147 Colour 22469 22476 ALSJ
N/A Sub-panorama
XVII 127:02:28 Inter-EVA South Massif Outcrops Schmitt 144 Monochrome 21983 21988 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 127:02:28 Inter-EVA North Massif Boulder Tracks Schmitt 144 Monochrome 21991 21993 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 127:02:28 Inter-EVA North Massif Outcrops Schmitt 144 Monochrome 21994 21998 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 151:23:55 Inter-EVA Jack's Post-EVA-2 Window Pan Schmitt 140 Colour 21352 21358 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 173:19:58 Post-EVA Gene's Side of the LM Cabin Schmitt 134 Colour 20517 20521 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 173:19:58 Post-EVA Post-EVA-3 Window Pans Schmitt 143 Monochrome 21943 21982 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 173:19:58 Post-EVA Post-EVA-3 Color Window Pans Schmitt 145 Colour 22193 22222 ALSJ
N/A

EVA Panoramas - EVA 1[edit]

Table 17.2 EVA 1 panoramas
Mission Time (MET) EVA # Title Astronaut Magazine Type Start Frame End Frame Source Reference Panorama Sourced Alternate Updated Panorama Notes
XVII 117:47:43 EVA 1 Jack's 4 O'clock EVA-1 LM Pan Schmitt 147 Colour 22492 22521 ALSJ N/A
N/A The link for the Reference Panorama is broken within ALSJ. The alternates are all sub-panoramas.
XVII 117:47:43 EVA 1 Apollo 17 Landing Site Schmitt 147 Colour 22493 22521 LPI 146 N/A JSC2007e045384
XVII 117:48:26 EVA 1 Rover Test Drive Film Strip Schmitt 147 Colour 22521 22526 ALSJ N/A N/A As the title states, this is a filmstrip rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 120:36:02 EVA 1 Geophone 4 Partial Pan Schmitt 147 Colour 22528 22532 ALSJ
N/A The second alternate is taken from a USGS Professional Paper.
XVII 120:38:36 EVA 1 Geophone Rock Partial Pan Schmitt 147 Colour 22555 22536 ALSJ N/A N/A This is a collage rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 120:40:30 EVA 1 Apollo 17 ALSEP Station Schmitt 147 Colour 22543 22561 LPI 148 N/A JSC2007e045385
XVII 120:40:30 EVA 1 Geophone 3 Pan Schmitt 147 Colour 22544 22562 ALSJ
N/A The third alternate is taken from a USGS Professional Paper.
XVII 120:40:30 EVA 1 Geophone Rock Schmitt 147 Colour 22560 22561 ALSJ
N/A Sub-panorama
XVII 120:48:56 EVA 1 Jack's Color ALSEP Pan Schmitt 147 Colour 22569 22588 ALSJ
N/A Taken from a USGS Professional Paper.
XVII 120:48:56 EVA 1 Apollo 17 ALSEP Station Schmitt 147 Colour 22572 22590 LPI 147 N/A JSC2004e52772
XVII 120:55:55 EVA 1 Jack's B&W ALSEP Pan Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20683 20710 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 122:26:14 EVA 1 Traverse to Station 1 Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20723 20810 ALSJ N/A N/A This is a traverse sequence rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 122:26:14 EVA 1 Apollo 17 Station 1, East View Cernan 134 Colour 20408 20431 LPI 149 N/A JSC2004e52773
XVII 122:26:14 EVA 1 Gene's Station 1 Color Pan Cernan 134 Colour 20408 20431 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 122:32:24 EVA 1 Apollo 17 Station 1, West View Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20745 20761 LPI 151 N/A JSC2004e52776
XVII 122:32:24 EVA 1 Jack's Station 1 B&W Pan Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20744 20776 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 122:36:58 EVA 1 Return from Station 1 - Part 1 Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20777 20796 ALSJ N/A N/A This is a traverse sequence rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 122:36:58 EVA 1 Return from Station 1 - Part 2 Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20797 20814 ALSJ N/A N/A This is a traverse sequence rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 122:43:12 EVA 1 EP-7 LRV Pan Schmitt 134 Colour 20815 20826 ALSJ
N/A Rover pan
XVII 122:43:44 EVA 1 Return from Station 1 - Part 3 Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20828 20844 ALSJ N/A N/A This is a traverse sequence rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 122:45:33 EVA 1 Return from Station 1 - Part 4 Schmitt 136 Monochrome 20844 20863 ALSJ N/A N/A This is a traverse sequence rather than a panorama. Omitted.
XVII 123:06:24 EVA 1 SEP Deployment Partial Pan Cernan 134 Colour 20437 20446 ALSJ
N/A

EVA Panoramas - EVA 2[edit]

Table 16.3 EVA 2 panoramas
Mission Time (MET) EVA # Title Astronaut Magazine Type Start Frame End Frame Source Reference Panorama Sourced Alternate Updated Panorama Notes
XVII 141:01:23 EVA 2 8 O'Clock EVA-2 LM pan Cernan 137 Colour 20866 20893 ALSJ N/A
N/A Broken link in ALSJ for Reference Panorama
XVII 143:01:52 EVA 2 Gene's portrait of Station 2 Boulder 1 Cernan 137 Colour 20903 20908 ALSJ N/A N/A Not a panorama - omitted
XVII 143:01:52 EVA 2 Jack's portrait of Station 2 Boulder 1 Schmitt 138 Monochrome 21030 21035 ALSJ N/A N/A Not a panorama - omitted
XVII 143:10:08 EVA 2 Gene's portrait of Station 2 Boulder 2 Cernan 137 Colour 20912 20923 ALSJ N/A N/A Not a panorama - omitted
XVII 143:22:02 EVA 2 Gene's Station 2 Pan Cernan 137 Colour 20926 20956 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 143:22:02 EVA 2 EVA 2 Station 2 Cernan 137 Colour 20926 20956 LPI 157 N/A
XVII 143:37:16 EVA 2 Jack's Station 2 Pan Schmitt 138 Monochrome 21053 21073 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 143:37:16 EVA 2 Apollo 17 Station 2 Schmitt 138 Monochrome 21055 2107 LPI 152 N/A JSC2004e52777
XVII 143:57:25 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm pan along the South Massif Summit from the Scarp Gravimeter Stop Cernan 144 Monochrome 22003 22009 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 143:57:25 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm pan of the left flank the South Massif Cernan 144 Monochrome 22010 22015 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 143:58:49 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm portrait of the western part of the North Massif summit from the Scarp Gravimeter Stop Cernan 144 Monochrome 22016 22026 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 143:58:49 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm portrait of the eastern part of the North Massif summit Cernan 144 Monochrome 22027 22032 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 143:58:49 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm portrait of Sculptured Hills peak on the east side of Wessex Cleft Cernan 144 Monochrome 22033 22035 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 144:00:24 EVA 2 Northern, subsidiary peak of (West) Family Mountain Cernan 144 Monochrome 22036 22039 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 144:00:24 EVA 2 (Old) Family Mountain from the Scarp Gravimeter Stop Cernan 144 Monochrome 22041 22045 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 144:05:09 EVA 2 Jack's Scarp LRV Pan Schmitt 138 Monochrome 21100 21108 ALSJ
N/A Rover pan
XVII 144:53:05 EVA 2 Jack's Station 3 Pan Schmitt 138 Monochrome 21150 21177 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 144:53:05 EVA 2 EVA 2 Station 3 Schmitt 138 Monochrome 21156 21168 LPI 158 N/A JSC2004e52778
XVII 145:01:05 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm of Hanover and the Scarp on the North Massif Cernan 144 Monochrome 22047 22050 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 145:01:05 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm of the South Massif Summit Cernan 144 Monochrome 22051 22071 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 145:02:51 EVA 2 Apollo 17 Station 3 Cernan 144 Monochrome 22072 22076 LPI 153 N/A JSC2007e045386
XVII 145:02:51 EVA 2 Wessex Cleft Cernan 144 Monochrome 22072 22077 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 145:26:02 EVA 2 Jack's B&W Station 4 Pan at Shorty Crater Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20229 20256 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 145:49:03 EVA 2 Gene's Station 4 Color Pan from the Southeast rim of Shorty Crater Cernan 137 Monochrome 20991 21027 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 145:49:03 EVA 2 B&W Shorty Crater Portion, High Resolution Cernan 137 Monochrome 20991 20998 ALSJ
N/A Sub-panorama
XVII 145:49:03 EVA 2 EVA 2 Station 4 Cernan 137 Monochrome 20992 21024 LPI 159 N/A JSC2007e045388
XVII 145:49:03 EVA 2 Station 4, Non-Crater Portion, High Resolution Cernan 137 Monochrome 21010 21023 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 145:58:02 EVA 2 Traverse from Station 4 to Victory Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20268 20280 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse - images omitted
XVII 146:07:51 EVA 2 Rover Pan at Victory Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20281 20300 ALSJ
N/A Rover Pan
XVII 146:12:32 EVA 2 Traverse from Victory to LRV sample location LRV-8 Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20301 21317 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse - images omitted
XVII 146:17:04 EVA 2 Traverse from LRV sample location LRV-8 to Station 5 on the southwest rim of Camelot Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20318 20327 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse - images omitted
XVII 146:40:18 EVA 2 Diabase Boulder at Station 5 Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20330 20335 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 146:49:06 EVA 2 Gene's Station 5 Pan Cernan 145 Monochrome 22159 22176 LPI 154 N/A JSC2004e20304
XVII 146:49:06 EVA 2 Gene's Station 5 Pan Cernan 145 Monochrome 22159 22183 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 146:49:06 EVA 2 Jack's B&W Station 5 Pan Schmitt 133 Monochrome 20339 20360 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 147:37:33 EVA 2 Gene's Left-to-Right South Massif 500-mm Summit Pan Cernan 144 Monochrome 22080 22093 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 147:37:33 EVA 2 Gene's Right-to-Left South Massif 500-mm Summit Pan Cernan 144 Monochrome 22093 22104 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 147:37:33 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm Portrait of the North Massif Cernan 144 Monochrome 22105 22132 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 147:37:33 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm Portrait of the North Massif - plus 21991 Cernan 144 Monochrome 22105 22132 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 147:37:33 EVA 2 Gene's 500-mm Portrait of the North Massif Summit Cernan 144 Monochrome 22111 22118 ALSJ
N/A

EVA Panoramas - EVA 3[edit]

Table 17.4 EVA 3 panoramas
Mission Time (MET) EVA # Title Astronaut Magazine Type Start Frame End Frame Source Reference Panorama Sourced Alternate Updated Panorama Notes
XVII 163:56:50 EVA 3 Jack's EVA-3 12 O'Clock Color Pan Schmitt 140 Colour 21359 21380 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 164:24:50 EVA 3 Traverse Photo Animation Schmitt 141 Monochrome 12519 21574 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse, images omitted
XVII 164:24:50 EVA 3 Traverse Photo - LM to Rover Sample Stop Schmitt 141 Monochrome 12519 21549 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse, images omitted
XVII 164:33:48 EVA 3 Traverse Photo - Rover sample stop to First View of Henry Schmitt 141 Monochrome 12542 21549 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse, images omitted
XVII 164:37:49 EVA 3 Traverse Photo - First View of Henry to approach to Turning Point Rock Schmitt 141 Monochrome 12549 21559 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse, images omitted
XVII 164:43:30 EVA 3 Traverse Photo - Turning Point Rock Schmitt 141 Monochrome 12560 21568 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse, images omitted
XVII 164:43:30 EVA 3 Traverse Photo - Turning Point Rock to Station 6 Schmitt 141 Monochrome 12569 21574 ALSJ N/A N/A Traverse, images omitted
XVII 164:59:54 EVA 3 Station 6 'South' Pan Schmitt 141 Monochrome 21575 21603 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 165:33:38 EVA 3 Gene's Station 6 Pan Cernan 140 Colour 21483 21509 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 165:33:38 EVA 3 Apollo 17 Station 6 Cernan 140 Colour 21488 21507 LPI 155 N/A JSC2007e045387
XVII 165:40:50 EVA 3 Source Outcrop for Station 6 Boulder Schmitt 133 Monochrome 21186 21193 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 165:50:01 EVA 3 Combined Images Schmitt 133 Monohrome 21203 21205 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 165:50:01 EVA 3 South Massif Summit from Station 6 Schmitt 133 Monochrome 21209 21211 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 166:26:58 EVA 3 Jack's Near-Field Station 7 Pan Schmitt 133 Monochrome 21646 21664 ALSJ
XVII 166:26:58 EVA 3 Apollo 17 Station 7 Cernan 146 Monochrome 22339 22359 LPI 157 N/A JSC2004e52775
XVII 166:26:58 EVA 3 Gene's Station 7 Pan Cernan 146 Monochrome 22339 22363 ALSJ
N/A A subsequent alternate, referenced by ALSJ, is missing in that archive.
XVII 167:07:20 EVA 3 Gene's Station 8 Pan Cernan 146 Monochrome 22375 22397 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 167:07:20 EVA 3 Bear Mountain Cernan 146 Monochrome 22382 22390 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 167:26:06 EVA 3 Jack's Station 8 Pan Schmitt 142 Monochrome 21726 21745 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 168:20:21 EVA 3 Jack's First Station 9 Pan Schmitt 142 Monochrome 21798 21824 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 168:20:24 EVA 3 Gene's Station 9 Color Pan Cernan 146 Colour 22423 22450 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 168:25:35 EVA 3 500-mm series of North Massif from Station 9 Cernan 139 Monochrome 21230 21248 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 168:25:35 EVA 3 500-mm series of North Massif Outcrops and Boulder Tracks Cernan 139 Monochrome 21249 21268 ALSJ
N/A
XVII 168:39:47 EVA 3 Jack's Second Station 9 Pan Schmitt 142 Monochrome 21836 21858 ALSJ
N/A

Table Column Key[edit]

  • Mission Flight Number
  • Time (MET) Time since lift-off (MET - Mission Elapsed Time)
  • EVA # Moonwalk number
  • Title Title as extracted from source (i.e. ALSJ/LPI)
  • Astronaut Who took the images
  • Magazine NASA film canister number
  • Type Either Colour or Monochrome
  • Start Frame First frame of the panoramic sequence
  • End Frame Last frame of the panoramic sequence
  • Source Where the panorama was sourced from (Typically ALSJ or LPI[5])
  • Reference Panorama Image referred to by ALSJ/LPI for the given Title
  • Sourced Alternate Alternate image(s) referred to by ALSJ/LPI for the given Title
  • Updated Panorama Unofficial panorama generated by a non-NASA organisation
  • Notes Addtional detail

Footnotes[edit]

These tables catalogue the panoramic photos captured during the Apollo 16 mission. Entries in the 'Updated Panorama' column have been created using panorama blending software working on the High Resolution scans of the original frames held as the "Project Apollo Archive" on Flickr.[6] Where a Reference Panorama is pre-existing, that has been used in preference to creating a new variant, unless there is additional value to be gained by regenerating it. Apart from some source image masking, all such new variants have been created using the minimum of processing, relying on the software package's inherent blending and optimisation capabilities - typically, such panoramas have been created within 3–5 minutes as they are intended to be 'representations' rather than 'definitive' examples. Consequently, brightness and contrast levels, as well as the removal of some frame-edges, have not been adjusted.

All 5-digit image references relate to the last 5 digits of the image names. The full image names follow the format AS16-MMM-NNNNN, where MMM relates to the Magazine number and NNNNN is the identifier.

EVA images include the overlaying of Réseau plate "crosses" to assist in their post-mission evaluation.

Almost all tabular data, such as time and image identifiers, has been extracted from the source location such as the ALSJ or LPI. The entries in the 'Title' column relate to the term used for the panorama as listed in the source's 'Assembled Panoramas' section.[7]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Apollo Lunar Surface Journal". www.nasa.gov.
  2. ^ "Sun Angles". www.nasa.gov.
  3. ^ "Apollo 16: EVA 2: Return to the LM". www.nasa.gov.
  4. ^ "Apollo 16: EVA 3: Return to the LM". www.nasa.gov.
  5. ^ "Lunar and Planetary Institute".
  6. ^ "Project Apollo Archive". Flickr.
  7. ^ "Apollo 16 Map and Image Library". www.nasa.gov.