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Holy Roman Empire
Sacrum Romanum Imperium
962–1806
Anthem: officially none,
de facto Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (after 1797)
"God Save Emperor Francis"
The Holy Roman Empire around 1600, superimposed over current state borders
The Holy Roman Empire around 1600, superimposed over current state borders
CapitalNo official capital, various imperial seats[a]
Common languagesVarious[b]
Religion
Roman Catholicism[c]
Protestantism[d]
GovernmentElective monarchy
Emperor 
• 962–973
Otto I (first)
• 1792–1806
Francis II (last)
LegislatureImperial Diet
Historical eraMiddle Ages
Early modern period
2 February 962
• Conrad II assumes crown of Burgundy
2 February 1033
25 September 1555
24 October 1648
2 December 1805
• Francis II abdicated
6 August 1806
Population
• 1200
5,000,000[1]
• 1500
16,000,000[2][3]
• 1618
21,000,000[4]
• 1648
16,000,000[4]
• 1786
26,265,000[5]
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Middle Francia
East Francia
Confederation of the Rhine
Austrian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia
Today part of


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

  1. ^ "Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages", Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 70
  2. ^ John Pike. "Holy Roman Empire - 1500 - The German Empire".
  3. ^ "Reich und Glaubensspaltung, Deutschland 1500-1600".
  4. ^ a b "Introduction to Global Politics".
  5. ^ "Nation und Nationalismus in Deutschland, 1770-1990".